Lígia

Lyrics from “Lígia” by Tom Jobim (1972)



Good Audio Version (João Gilberto)

I’ve never dreamed of you, I’ve never gone to the movies
I don’t like samba, I don’t go to Ipanema
I don’t like rain, I don’t like sun
I never called you up, why, if I knew?
I never attempted – and would never dare – the sweet nothings
That I learned with you
No, Lígia, Lígia

To go out with you holding hands on a serene afternoon
A cold beer in a bar in Ipanema
Walk along the beach down to Leblon
I’ve never fallen in love, I’d never be able to marry you
I would suffer such pain inevitably just to lose you in the end

You come close to me with your peculiar ways, and I say yes
But your brown eyes fill me with more fear than a ray of sun
Lígia, Lígia

– Interpretation–

Tom Jobim at Ipanema Beach, c. 1968

Tom Jobim at Ipanema Beach, c. 1968

Tom Jobim used to say that any song with a woman’s name just stirred up trouble. He cited the case of Dorival Caymmi’s “Marina,” which provoked threats to Caymmi from an angry husband who thought the song had been written for his wife.

And indeed “Lígia” caused some problems for Tom, since the name happened to be the name of his close friend Fernando Sabino’s wife.

In interviews over the years following the release of “Ligia,” Tom avoided the subject or denied that the song was written for Sabino’s wife, Lygia Marina de Moraes. But in a 1988 interview with Ruy Castro for Playboy, Tom hinted that his denials could be interpreted in the same way as the denials in the song: “Fernando Sabino is a good friend, I get along really well with him and his wife, Lygia. They come to my house, I want all the best for them and, naturally, Lygia is a very beautiful woman and all that. What exists in  “Lígia” is the following: something that you deny so much that ultimately it turns into an affirmation – a supreme affirmation of love. ‘I’ve never dreamed of you, I’ve never gone to the cinema… when I called you… it was just an illusion, I ripped up your name.’ That is to say, I’m not even close to Lygia.”

Tom went so far as to say the song was about a pretty girl – the girlfriend of a friend of his – who used to go to bar Veloso (now Garota de Ipanema). But in 1994, after Lygia and Fernando separated and Tom passed away,  Lygia revealed the full story: She was out with a friend one day in 1968 and they ran into Tom, also with a friend, in Veloso. Tom began to flirt with Lygia, who turned out to be his daughter Elizabeth’s teacher.  She ended up accompanying Tom to an interview he was giving with Clarice Lispector. In the interview, Lispector challenged him to improvise a  poem that could become lyrics for a song, and the translation of the improvised poem goes as follows:

Teus olhos verdes são maiores que o mar/ Your green eyes are bigger than the sea
Se um dia eu fosse tão forte quanto você/
If one day I were as strong as you
Eu te desprezaria e viveria no espaço/
I would scorn you and would live in space
Ou talvez então eu te amasse/ Or maybe then I would love you
Ai que saudades que me dá
Da vida que eu nunca tive/ Oh how it makes me long for the life I never had

Lygia Moraes in Rio de Janeiro in 2011.

Lygia Moraes in Rio de Janeiro in 2011.

According to green-eyed Lygia, Tom dedicated the poem to her before they said goodbye, with a kiss on the cheek, in his car – the only time they went out alone together. (He was married to his first wife Thereza at the time.)  “The song tells of everything that never happened – the cinema, the walk down the beach,” Lygia revealed.  The eyes in the song probably turned from green to brown to rhyme, “estranho” and “castanho.”

At least in this case, Lygia’s story corroborates Tom’s insistence, in self-defense, that every song he wrote with a woman’s name was written for a woman he’d never slept with.

This song was first released in 1972 on the album Stan Getz e João Gilberto. Two years later,  Chico Buarque included it on his album Sinal Fechado, a collection of songs mostly by other composers which he recorded since the military censors had taken to banning almost all of the songs he submitted to them. (He wrote one song on the album, “Acorda Amor,” which he released under the pseudonym Julinho da Adelaide.) For the 1974 recording Chico and Tom changed the lyrics slightly, though Chico took no credit.

According to Lygia, Tom and Chico changed the lyrics about the phone call in this version because in 1973, Tom  called Fernando to ask for Lygia’s number and Fernando gave him the wrong number. On top of that, Fernando called people at the number he gave Tom and told them to give him another wrong number and pretend it was Lygia’s:

I’ve never dreamed of you, I’ve never gone to the cinema
I don’t like samba, I don’t go to Ipanema
I don’t like rain, I don’t like sun
And when I called you, I hung up, I’d dialed the wrong number
I don’t know your name
I left on the piano the sweet nothings that I was going to say to you
No, Lígia, Lígia
I never wanted to have you by my side
On a weekend, a cold beer in Copacabana
Walk along the beach down to Leblon
And when I fell in love it was nothing more than illusion
I tore up your name
I made a samba-song with the lies of love that I learned with you
Yes, Lígia, Lígia

And when you wrap me up in your serene arms I’m going to give in
But your brown (Moreno) eyes fill me with more fear than a ray of sun

Lyrics in Portuguese (1972)

Eu nunca sonhei com você
Nunca fui ao cinema
Não gosto de samba
Não vou a Ipanema
Não gosto de chuva
Nem gosto de sol
Eu nunca te telefonei
Para que se eu sabia
Eu jamais tentei
E jamais ousaria
As bobagens de amor
Que aprendi com você
Não, Lígia, Lígia

Sair com você de mãos dadas
Na tarde serena
Um chope gelado
Num bar de Ipanema
Andar pela praia até o Leblon
Eu nunca me apaixonei
Eu jamais poderia
Casar com você
Fatalmente eu iria
Sofrer tanta dor
Pra no fim te perder
Lígia, Lígia.

Você se aproxima de mim
Com esses modos estranhos
E eu digo que sim
Mas seus olhos castanhos
Me metem mais medo
Que um raio de sol
Lígia, Lígia.

Lyrics in Portuguese (1974)

Eu nunca sonhei com você
Nunca fui ao cinema
Não gosto de samba
Não vou a Ipanema
Não gosto de chuva
Nem gosto de sol
E quando eu lhe telefonei
Desliguei, foi engano
O seu nome eu não sei
Esqueci no piano
As bobagens de amor
Que eu iria dizer
Não, Ligia, Ligia

Eu nunca quis tê-la ao meu lado
Num fim de semana
Um chope gelado
Em Copacabana
Andar pela praia até o Leblon
E quando eu me apaixonei
Não passou de ilusão
O seu nome rasguei
Fiz um samba-canção
Das mentiras de amor
Que aprendi com você
Ligia, Ligia

E quando você me envolver
Nos seus braços serenos
Eu vou me render
Mas seus olhos morenos
Me metem mais medo
Que um raio de sol
Ligia, Ligia

Main source for this post: Histórias de Canções: Tom Jobim, by Wagner Homem and Luiz Roberto Oliveira.

Posted in Bossa Nova, Chico Buarque, Tom Jobim | Tagged , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

“Volta por cima” and “Ronda”

Lyrics from “Volta por cima” (1962) and “Ronda” (1967) by Paulo Vanzolini

“Volta por cima”



I cried, I didn’t try to hide it, everyone saw
They pretended to pity me, they needn’t have
There where I cried, anyone would cry
Come back out on top like I did, I’d like to see who could do that

A man of morale doesn’t stay on the ground
Nor does he want a woman to come give him a hand
He acknowledges the fall, but doesn’t despair
He gets up, shakes off the dust and comes back out on top

“Ronda”



At night I roam the city looking for you, without finding you
Amidst gazes, I peek into all the bars, and you’re not there
I return home dejected, disenchanted with life
Dreams bring happiness – you’re in them*
Oh if I had someone who cared for me dearly
That someone would tell me, ‘give up, it’s futile’
But I wouldn’t give up
Rather, with perfect patience, I go back to looking, I’m bound to find you
Drinking with other women, rolling dice, playing billiards
And that day, then, it’ll come out in the first edition:
“Bloody scene in a bar on Avenida São João”

– Interpretation –

Paulo Vanzolini, image via veja.abril.com.br.

Paulo Vanzolini, image via veja.abril.com.br.

Paulo Vanzolini died yesterday, April 28th, four days after his 89th birthday, of complications from pneumonia. He was both a beloved samba musician and one of Brazil’s most accomplished and world-renowned scientists – a zoologist specializing in reptiles.

Vanzolini liked to poke fun at himself as a musician, implying that he’d become a popular sambista in spite of himself: ”I work as a zoologist 15 hours a day and I love my job,” he told Folha de São Paulo in 1997. “I can’t sing and I don’t even know the difference between minor and major tones.” His air of blithe irreverence and his knack for managing to be at once politically incorrect and entirely lovable made him wildly popular, with the help of course of his compositions like “Volta por cima” and “Ronda,” two of the best known and most requested songs in music venues in his native São Paulo and around the country.

“Volta por cima” popularized the title phrase, which roughly means “come back out on top.” Vanzolini used to remark playfully that he only found out later that the then little-used phrase actually existed “officially” and was defined in Aurélio’s dictionary as “an act of overcoming, resolving a difficult situation.” He said he wrote the song to express a philosophy of life – “how I would like to be.” Vanzolini was on a research trip in the Amazon when the singer known as Noite Ilustrada recorded and released “Volta por cima,” which became an instant sensation. He was surprised when he returned to São Paulo to hear his song on the radio, on its way to becoming Noite Ilustrada’s greatest hit.

Vanzolini wrote “Ronda” when he was a young man in the army and often found himself rounding up drunken soldiers in bars and whorehouses. The song was first recorded in 1953 by the singer Inezita Barroso. Barroso was recording the song “Marvada Pinga” on a 45 record and needed a song for the B-side; Vanzolini, in the studio, offered up “Ronda.” But that record didn’t garner the public’s attention, and “Ronda” only became popular with its 1967 release by the singer Claúdia Moreno on the album of Vanzolini’s compositions, Onze sambas e uma capoeiraThe public grew even more fond of “Ronda” with the singer Márcia‘s 1977 recording, which is the version in the YouTube video linked above.

In his typical spirit of light-hearted self-deprecation, Vanzolini called ”Volta por cima” a failure, lamenting, “No one understood that the important part isn’t to come out on top, it’s to acknowledge the fall.” Similarly, he categorized  ”Ronda” as something along the lines of “wretched drivel.”

*I’ve translated “o sono alegria me da – nele você está” as “dreams bring happiness – you’re in them,” but a more literal translation is “sleep brings happiness – you’re in it.”

Lyrics in Portuguese

“Volta por cima”

Chorei, não procurei esconder
Todos viram, fingiram
Pena de mim, não precisava
Ali onde eu chorei
Qualquer um chorava
Dar a volta por cima que eu dei
Quero ver quem dava
Um homem de moral não fica no chão
Nem quer que mulher
Venha lhe dar a mão
Reconhece a queda e não desanima
Levanta, sacode a poeira
E dá a volta por cima

“Ronda”

De noite eu rondo a cidade
A te procurar sem encontrar
No meio de olhares espio em todos os bares
Você não está
Volto pra casa abatida
Desencantada da vida
O sonho alegria me dá
Nele você está
Ah, se eu tivesse quem bem me quisesse
Esse alguém me diria
Desiste, esta busca é inútil
Eu não desistia
Porém, com perfeita paciência
Volto a te buscar
Hei de encontrar
Bebendo com outras mulheres
Rolando um dadinho
Jogando bilhar
E neste dia então
Vai dar na primeira edição
Cena de sangue num bar
Da avenida são joão

Main source for this post: A Canção no Tempo: 85 Anos de Músicas Brasileiras, vol 2:  1958-1985 by Jairo Severiano and Zuza Homem de Mello

Posted in Paulo Vanzolini | Tagged , , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

Falsa Baiana

Lyrics from “Falsa Baiana” by Geraldo Pereira (1944)



Good Audio Versions: João Gilberto, Gal Costa

[This] baiana, who goes into the samba and just stands there
Doesn’t samba, doesn’t dance, doesn’t move or nothing
Doesn’t know how to leave the youth in a craze

[The] baiana is the one who goes into the samba any which way
That moves, that shakes, twists her hips into a knot
Leaving the young’uns’ mouths watering

The phony baiana, when she goes into the samba,
No one goes out of their way, no one claps
No one opens the circle, no one yells “Oba, Salve a Bahia, Lord”
But we like it when a baiana dances samba just right
From the top on down, she rolls her little eyes, saying,
“I’m a daughter of São Salvador”

– Interpretation –

Geraldo Pereira, image via Funarte

Dona Isaura, the wife of the composer Roberto Martins, takes the dubious honor of being the inspiration for this song. On the second to last night of Carnaval in 1944, Martins was at a bar chatting with Geraldo Pereira when Dona Isaura showed up, dressed up as a baiana (a woman from the state of Bahia, where the population is predominantly of African descent). In contrast to Bahian women, who are reputed for being joyful and exuding positive energy – and for knowing how to dance samba “just right” – Dona Isaura was in a sour mood that night, prompting her husband to observe to Geraldo, “Check out the phony baiana.” Martins’s observation got Pereira thinking about how to distinguish a true baiana from an impostor, and he wrote his greatest hit based on that premise.

Baiana dancing

What would appear to be a true baiana, dancing.

Pereira’s innovative style of syncopated samba and the rhythm within the lyrics themselves had a strong influence on João Gilberto, who, in turn, went on the make this song doubly famous with his bossa nova version, released on the 1973 LP João Gilberto.  

Geraldo Pereira was born in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais,  in 1918, and moved to Rio de Janeiro’s renowned Morro da Mangueira  in 1930. He died in 1955, at age 37, from a hemorrhage caused by a fight with an almost mythical marginal figure of the carioca night, the drag artist and capoeirista known as Madame Satã (Madam Satan).

How to dress up as a falsa baiana.

How to dress up as a falsa baiana.

Lyrics in Portuguese

Baiana que entra no samba e só fica parada
Não samba, não dança, não bole nem nada
Não sabe deixar a mocidade louca
Baiana é aquela que entra no samba de qualquer maneira
Que mexe, remexe, dá nó nas cadeiras
Deixando a moçada com água na boca

A falsa baiana quando entra no samba
Ninguém se incomoda, ninguém bate palma
Ninguém abre a roda, ninguém grita ôba
Salve a bahia, senhor

Mas a gente gosta quando uma baiana
Samba direitinho, de cima embaixo
Revira os olhinhos dizendo
Eu sou filha de são salvador

Main source for this post: A Canção no Tempo: 85 Anos da músicas brasileiras by Jairo Severiano and Zuza Homem de Melo

Posted in Ciro Monteiro, Geraldo Pereira, João Gilberto | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , | 3 Comments